Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet vĩ đại indicate the correct answer vĩ đại each of the questions.
As the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the United States increased. The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americans lived in towns and cities. Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life combined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise vĩ đại make schooling increasingly important for economic and social mobility. Increasingly, too, schools were viewed as the most important means of integrating immigrants into American society.
The arrival of a great wave of southern and eastern European immigrants at the turn of the century coincided with and contributed vĩ đại an enormous expansion of formal schooling. By 1920 schooling vĩ đại age fourteen or beyond was compulsory in most states, and the school year was greatly lengthened. Kindergartens, vacation schools, extracurricular activities, and vocational education and counseling extended the influence of public schools over the lives of students, many of whom in the larger industrial cities were the children of immigrants. Classes for adult immigrants were sponsored by public schools, corporations, unions, churches, settlement houses, and other agencies.
Reformers early in the twentieth century suggested that education programs should suit the needs of specific populations. Immigrant women were once such population. Schools tried vĩ đại educate young women so sánh they could occupy productive places in the urban industrial economy, and one place many educators considered appropriate for women was the trang chủ.
Although looking after the house and family was familiar vĩ đại immigrant women, American education gave homemaking a new definition. In preindustrial economies, homemaking had meant the production as well as the consumption of goods, and it commonly included income-producing activities both inside and outside the trang chủ, in the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United States, however, overproduction rather than vãn scarcity was becoming a problem. Thus, the ideal American homemaker was viewed as a consumer rather than vãn a producer. Schools trained women vĩ đại be consumer homemakers cooking, shopping, decorating, and caring for children “efficiently” in their own homes, or if economic necessity demanded, as employees in the homes of others. Subsequent reforms have made these notions seem quite out-of-date.
According vĩ đại the passage, one important change in United States education by the 1920’s was that _____.